Astaxanthin
Natural Standard evidence-based flashcard. Copyright © 2008 (www.naturalstandard.com). Commercial distribution prohibited. This flashcard is intended for informational purposes only, and should not be interpreted as specific medical advice. Patients should consult with a qualified healthcare provider before making decisions about therapies and/or health conditions. 		Image
While some complementary and alternative techniques have been studied scientifically, high-quality data regarding safety, effectiveness, and mechanism of action are limited or controversial for most therapies. Whenever possible, it is recommended that practitioners be licensed by a recognized professional organization that adheres to clearly published standards. In addition, before starting a new technique or engaging a practitioner, it is recommended that patients speak with their primary healthcare provider(s). Potential benefits, risks (including financial costs), and alternatives should be carefully considered. The below monograph is designed to provide historical background and an overview of clinically-oriented research, and neither advocates for or against the use of a particular therapy.

Summary:
Astaxanthin is classified as a xanthophyll, which is a carotenoid pigment, and can be found in microalgae, yeast, salmon, trout, krill, shrimp, crayfish, crustaceans, and the feathers of some birds. Haematococcus pluvialis, a green microalga, is one of the richest sources of natural astaxanthin. Laboratory and limited human evidence suggests that astaxanthin is most commonly used as an antioxidant and may be beneficial in decreasing the risks of certain chronic diseases, such as cancer and cardiovascular diseases.

Uses
These uses have been tested in humans or animals. Safety and effectiveness have not always been proven. Some of these conditions are potentially serious, and should be evaluated by a qualified healthcare provider.
Grade*
Carpal tunnel syndrome C
Hyperlipidemia (LDL oxidation) C
Male infertility C
Muscle strength C
Musculoskeletal injuries C
Rheumatoid arthritis C
*Key to grades: A: Strong scientific evidence for this use; B: Good scientific evidence for this use; C: Unclear scientific evidence for this use; D: Fair scientific evidence against this use (it may not work); F: Strong scientific evidence against this use (it likely does not work).

Safety:
Avoid if allergic/hypersensitive to astaxanthin or related carotenoids, including canthaxanthin; hypersensitivity to an astaxanthin algal source, such as Haematococcus pluvialis. Use cautiously if taking 5-alpha-reductase inihibitors, hypertensive agents, asthma medications, such as etirizine dihydrochloride and azelastine, cytochrome P450 metabolized agents, menopause agents or oral contraception, or Helicobacter pylori agents. Use cautiously with hypertension, parathyroid disorders, and osteoporosis. Avoid with hormone-sensitive conditions, immune disorders or if taking immunosuppressive therapies. Avoid with previous experience of visual changes while taking astaxanthin and with low eosinophil levels. Avoid if pregnant or breastfeeding.

Possible side effects:
Aplastic anemia, decreased libido, decreases in blood pressure, eye damage due to crystal formation, gynecomastia (abnormal enlargement of breasts in men), increased hair growth, increased skin pigmentation, inhibited 5-alpha-reductase, inhibited conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone, lowered eosinophil counts, lowered serum calcium, parathyroid intervention.

Possible interactions:
5-alpha-reductase inhibitors, antihypertensive drugs, asthma medications, cytochrome P450 metabolized drugs, Helicobacter pylori medications, immunomodulators, lipid-lowering drugs, menopause medications, oral contraceptives, parathyroid medications, Vioxx® (rofecoxib), and herbs and supplements with similar effects.

Dosing:

Adults (18 years and older):

Oral (Taken by mouth):
3.85-19.25mg (Haematococcus pluvialis extract) for up to eight weeks has been taken.

Children (younger than 18 years):
Not enough scientific data available.
Natural Standard Monograph (www.naturalstandard.com)
Copyright © 2008 Natural Standard Inc. Commercial distribution or reproduction prohibited.
The information in this monograph is intended for informational purposes only, and is meant to help users better understand health concerns. Information is based on review of scientific research data, historical practice patterns, and clinical experience. This information should not be interpreted as specific medical advice. Users should consult with a qualified healthcare provider for specific questions regarding therapies, diagnosis and/or health conditions, prior to making therapeutic decisions.