Betaine
Natural Standard evidence-based flashcard. Copyright © 2008 (www.naturalstandard.com). Commercial distribution prohibited. This flashcard is intended for informational purposes only, and should not be interpreted as specific medical advice. Patients should consult with a qualified healthcare provider before making decisions about therapies and/or health conditions. 		Image
While some complementary and alternative techniques have been studied scientifically, high-quality data regarding safety, effectiveness, and mechanism of action are limited or controversial for most therapies. Whenever possible, it is recommended that practitioners be licensed by a recognized professional organization that adheres to clearly published standards. In addition, before starting a new technique or engaging a practitioner, it is recommended that patients speak with their primary healthcare provider(s). Potential benefits, risks (including financial costs), and alternatives should be carefully considered. The below monograph is designed to provide historical background and an overview of clinically-oriented research, and neither advocates for or against the use of a particular therapy.

Summary:
Betaine is found in most microorganisms, plants, and marine animals. Its main physiologic functions are as an organic osmolyte to protect cells under stress and as a source of methyl groups needed for many biochemical pathways. Betaine is also found naturally in many foods, most highly concentrated in beets, spinach, grain, and shellfish.

Uses
These uses have been tested in humans or animals. Safety and effectiveness have not always been proven. Some of these conditions are potentially serious, and should be evaluated by a qualified healthcare provider.
Grade*
Cardiovascular disease (in homocysteinuric patients) B
Hyperhomocysteinemia B
Hyperhomocysteinemia (in chronic renal failure patients) B
Steatohepatitis (non-alcoholic) B
Cholesterol levels C
Weight loss C
*Key to grades: A: Strong scientific evidence for this use; B: Good scientific evidence for this use; C: Unclear scientific evidence for this use; D: Fair scientific evidence against this use (it may not work); F: Strong scientific evidence against this use (it likely does not work).

Safety:
Avoid if allergic/hypersensitive to betaine anhydrous or cocamidopropylbetaine, a form of betaine. Use cautiously with renal disease, obesity, and psychiatric conditions. Avoid if pregnant or breastfeeding.

Possible side effects:
Body odor, diarrhea, gastrointestinal irritation, mental changes, nausea, stomach upset.

Possible interactions:
Alcohol, cholesterol-lowering agents, folic acid, vitamin B6, and herbs and supplements with similar effects.

Dosing:

Adults (18 years and older):
Currently, there has been no recommended daily allowance (RDA) set by the United States Food and Nutrition Board for betaine.

Children (younger than 18 years):
Not enough scientific data available.
Natural Standard Monograph (www.naturalstandard.com)
Copyright © 2008 Natural Standard Inc. Commercial distribution or reproduction prohibited.
The information in this monograph is intended for informational purposes only, and is meant to help users better understand health concerns. Information is based on review of scientific research data, historical practice patterns, and clinical experience. This information should not be interpreted as specific medical advice. Users should consult with a qualified healthcare provider for specific questions regarding therapies, diagnosis and/or health conditions, prior to making therapeutic decisions.